Physics formula

 

1. Mechanics

• Kinematic Equations (for uniform acceleration):

  • $v = u + at$
    
  • $s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2$
    
  • $v^2 = u^2 + 2as$
    
  • $s = \frac{(u+v)}{2}t$
    

• Newton’s Laws of Motion:

  • $F = ma$ (Newton’s Second Law)

• Work, Power, and Energy:

  • $W = F \cdot d \cos \theta$
    
  • $P = \frac{W}{t}$
  • $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$
    
  • $PE = mgh$
    

• Momentum:

  • $p = mv$
    
  • $F = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}$

• Circular Motion:

  • $a_c = \frac{v^2}{r}$
  • $F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}$

2. Gravitation

• Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation:
  • $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$
• Gravitational Potential Energy:
  • $U = -G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r}$
• Escape Velocity:
  • $v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}$

3. Fluid Mechanics

• Bernoulli’s Equation:
  • $P + \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{constant}$
    
• Equation of Continuity:
  • $A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2$

4. Thermodynamics

• First Law of Thermodynamics:
  • $\Delta Q = \Delta U + W$
    
• Ideal Gas Equation:
  • $PV = nRT$
    

5. Waves and Sound

• Wave Equation:
  • $v = f\lambda$
    
• Doppler Effect:
  • $f' = f \frac{v \pm v_o}{v \mp v_s}$

6. Electricity and Magnetism

• Ohm’s Law:
  • $V = IR$
    
• Resistance in Series and Parallel:
  • $R_{\text{series}} = R_1 + R_2 + \dots$
    
  • $\frac{1}{R_{\text{parallel}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \dots$
    
• Coulomb’s Law:
  • $F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}$
• Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge:
  • $F = q v B \sin \theta$
    
• Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction:
  • $\mathcal{E} = -N \frac{d\Phi}{dt}$

7. Modern Physics

• Photoelectric Equation (Einstein’s Equation):
  • $hf = W + KE_{\max}$
• de Broglie Wavelength:
  • $\lambda = \frac{h}{p}$
• Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equation:
  • $E = mc^2$